防伪：洛马林达大学毕业证怎么买

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洛马林达大学毕业照展示

上个月，来自44个国家的47个研究资助机构的领导人在美国阿灵顿国家科学基金会总部召开了为期两天的新成立的全球研究理事会首脑会议。
在学术研究洛马林达大学经费缩水的背景下，建立一个更严格的指导以支持研究的价值取向。
全球科学研究理事会（GNC）由国家科学基金会（NSF）主任Subra Suresh主持，它也致力于定义CE。
确定关键参数，建立新的交流和同行审查基础设施。
GRC是为了回应全世界公共资助的研究组织和决策者日益增长的认识，即科学的全球化不仅为洛马林达大学毕业生提供了前所未有的机会。
演讲与合作，但在评估拟议的研究时也需要更大的标准化（和问责制）。
随着过去十年全球相互关联性的急剧增长——从科学与工程出版物的引文可以看出——标准化的必要性。
根据皇家学会2011年出版的《知识、网络与国家：21世纪的全球科学合作》一书，超过35%的文章发表在同行评议的期刊上。
d多个民族共享作者身份——比1996年增长了10%。
此外，国际合作的模式正在改变，特别是在金砖四国（巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国）及其G7伙伴加拿大、法国、德国、日本、意大利、英国和美国。
在2010，欧洲科学基金会和欧洲研究理事会制定的加强国际合作的愿景中，新兴的管理全球研究流量的新模式日益成为各个区域联盟的目标。
但是正是白宫科学技术政策办公室和国家科学基金会在2011年确定了建立更广泛的国际指标来解决这些问题的必要性。
他们促成了五次全球科学决策者区域会议。
这项工作的高潮在5月中旬的全球成果审查首脑会议上被批准为科学成果审查的原则声明，GRC成立会议。
代表们确定了两个截然不同且相互交织的目标。
“促进资助科研机构的国际合作”的h级原则。
第二是参与国就严格和透明的审查制度所必需的关键要素达成共识。
不以任何法律方式约束，原则是旨在帮助同行评审过程的目标。
他们阐明了透明、公正、适当、保密和诚信伦理在所有全球研究工作中必须发挥的基本、无争议的作用。
在峰会后的记者招待会上，Suresh详细阐述了这些原则“不一定是全部的”。
“鲁迅”，但它的目的是帮助指导跨国研究项目在未来。
他补充说，它们是“朝着更统一地处理科学过程迈出的第一步”。
德意志联邦科学院科学事务主任罗伯特·保罗·科尼格斯对此表示赞同。
在与《世界洛马林达大学新闻》的谈话中，他强调了峰会代表们是如何“强调一致同意这些原则”。
“尽管（这些原则）看起来很平淡，但重要的是，它们是一个一致点。
”事实上，这是一项成就，因为他们背后有许多国家的主要科研资助者。
“事实上，这些原则严重地强调了确保审查过程的重要性是由专家的意见所决定的。
搜索领域和具体目标和方法框架。
正如Suresh所说：“对于资助机构来说，同行评审是我们的食粮。
”我们必须以最透明和最道德的方式挑选最好的想法和人。
“由巴西和德国共同主办，明年在柏林召开的会议将审议开放获取研究数据和出版物的问题，以及研究伦理和完整性的问题。
但是，K.NeNs指出，研究的完整性很可能是这次会议的焦点，因为已经有很多共识需要解决这个问题。
需要建立切实可行的措施虽然国际指导方针已经在《2010年新加坡研究完整性声明》等协议中阐明，但全球科学界急于建立切实可行的措施，以确保全面的标准、守则和公共政策。
促进科研正直的冰块被更普遍地接受。
该协议和GRC授权的关键是采用指导跨国界研究、报告和管理方式的基本原则和责任。
Knigs解释说：“很难在全球范围内使这些参照点具有约束力，正式阐明这些参照点将是研究界达成共识的一个良好指标。
”克宁斯说：“我认为，达成共识是此次首脑会议最重要的成果。
这一切对明年来说都是好兆头，特别是鉴于100多个成员国。
ER国家预计将出席，多达六个国家正在争夺主办2014次会议。

A proposal by President Paul Biya to award nearly three billion FCFA (US$6.
4 million) as ‘bonuses for excellence’ to the best students of Cameroon’s seven state universities has divided students and academics and provoked accusations of corruption against university managements, according to a series of reports published in Le Messager of Douala.
Meanwhile, says the newspaper, problems such as lack of space to accommodate growing numbers of students continue to afflict the institutions.
Biya announced the bonus scheme “to improve the quality of human capital and most effectively meet the challenges of the future” during his traditional new year’s address.
But, observed Le Messager, while “for the flatterers, mandarins and other accomplices of the party-state, this gesture… deserves to be greeted wholeheartedly”, the paper said that three weeks later the announcement still seemed to be dividing the student community, with many considering the decision wrongly targeted given the difficulties faced in the state universities.
One pressing problem was overcrowding, as more and more students enrolled each year.
According to standards recommended by Unesco, two places for every two or three students should be provided but this was far from the case in several of Cameroon’s state universities said Le Messager.
It quoted a report from the French embassy that there were some 150,000 students for about 48,000 places and 2,200 lecturers in the seven universities.
This was equivalent to a ratio of one teacher for 63 students compared with one for 36 students in 2003-04.
Officials at the University of Douala told Le Messager it was not far off the Unesco standards, with 45,000 students currently enrolled for 15,000 places.
There were also ambitious plans under way to increase capacity to meet the standards.
But dissenting university sources told the paper the director’s projects were swallowing huge sums of money.
The sources implied these were an obvious attempt to distract attention from a “fiddling of funds”.
Other “management errors” made at state universities, said Le Messager, included “false and fanciful expenditure”.
A staff member at Douala University pointed to new cars for the directors of central services who already had two cars.
”They shut themselves away in meetings once or twice a week to work out ways of extracting some money from the coffers,” the staff member said.
Support staff who were supposed to be paid in cash reported non-receipt of wages because those responsible for paying them used the money for “speculation and to practise usury with it”.
The university personnel concerned denied the accusations to Le Messager.
University staff were not alone in describing corrupt practices.
A delivery man who supplied produce to the university restaurant said he had “several million” owed to him and all attempts to get paid had failed.
“I thought I was the only one but many other suppliers have also complained.
To get paid quickly you have to belong to their network… Where does the money go that the students contribute? Where do the state subsidies go?” Le Messager reported him saying.
Staff told the paper the excellence bonuses proposed by the President would serve no purpose if the system of financial management was not cleaned up.
They said the 3 billion FCFA would end up in the pockets of the university directors or their protégés.
Le Messager also reported mixed reactions among students to the President’s scheme.
Two students at Douala University gave opposing views.
André, in favour, said the proposal was a “mark of esteem for Cameroonian students, and especially for the most deserving… It’s to encourage those who are dragging their feet by urging them to work harder”.
But Henri dismissed the bonus as a bluff.
“To change things, they should restore the grants as they were before, even if they have to be reduced from 50,000 to 5,000 FCFA, that would at least show the political will of the public authorities to change things,” Henri said.
”Solutions have to be found to students’ problems, or university fees must be abolished.
What the Head of State has done proves yet again that there is lots of money in the coffers that serves no purpose,” he told Le Messager.
Teaching staff were also divided.
One anonymous senior employee said that 45% of the student population came from poor families.
“If the President has just given 10,000 or 15,000 FCFA to each deserving student, that’s a good thing.
We must welcome this will of the First Cameroonian to make our universities places of excellence.
”But another staff member had a different view: “The state has deceived the young people of this country.
Three billion, that’s nothing.
The state could bestow 10 times more.
We must at all costs restore grants.
That’s what the Cameroonian students want.
“These three billion are not a solution for students’ problems.
The amount is totally insignificant for resolving our universities’ problems.
We mustn’t hide the fact that President Paul Biya is in practice campaigning for the next presidential election.
”The association for the defence of the rights of Cameroon students, Addec, declared itself against the President’s decision, reported Le Messager.
On 15 January a mass of students and some teachers crowded into a lecture hall at the University of Yaoundé, with placards proclaiming: “Yes to abolition of university fees!”, “Yes to restoration of grants!”, and “Let the three billion be properly distributed!”.
Addec members wore their characteristic yellow robes, reported the paper.
It quoted Addec Vice-president André Benang as saying: “The bonus is great but it is not certain that in the conditions in which we are living – fraud, corruption, falsification of reports – it would be easy to recognise who really are the best students in Cameroon’s universities… “In overcrowded lecture halls without any sound system students try to gather knowledge in second-rate conditions to gain diplomas to maintain the illusion of intellectual success.
” Many students believed that rather than improving living conditions for students, the bonus would serve to reward ‘friends of the system’, said Le Messager.
Some thought the government was looking for students to recruit for the forthcoming presidential elections.
Le Messager reported students saying they had more need of new buildings “because we are stuffed into our overcrowded lecture halls.
And we desperately need laboratories and good teachers”.

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