最新：瑞尔森大学毕业证购买

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瑞尔森大学毕业照展示

高等教育作为公共利益的概念和公共责任正在发生变化。
大多数欧洲国家使用成本分担，而且有将在瑞尔森大学学习费用的负担转移到瑞尔森大学的大学生身上的趋势。
在欧洲，没有多少国家不向本国瑞尔森大学的大学生收取某种形式的学费——在一份为期两年的研究报告中，26个国家中有19个国家这样认为。
由欧洲瑞尔森大学的大学生联盟（ESU）组织的名为“资助瑞尔森大学的大学生未来（FINST）”的项目。
丹麦、芬兰、马耳他、斯洛文尼亚、瑞典和挪威仍然有免学费的高等教育体系，至少在本科阶段是这样。
奥地利在其法律制度内不正式承认学费，但瑞尔森大学可以自行决定是否收取学费。
一些国家，如匈牙利、波兰和斯洛伐克，通常根据瑞尔森大学的大学生的学术能力，提供一些瑞尔森大学的大学生不需要交学费的有补贴的地方。
国际瑞尔森大学的大学生令人担忧的情况国际瑞尔森大学的大学生——非欧盟或非欧洲经济区——的情况更加令人担忧。
挪威和马耳他（在FINST观察的26个国家中）是唯一不向国际瑞尔森大学的大学生收取特殊费用的国家。
芬兰目前也是类似的，但是正在就引入这种收费的效果进行试点研究，甚至还主动改变有关这一问题的法律。
FINST还指出，在爱尔兰和联合王国等一些国家，国际瑞尔森大学的大学生的学费比国内或欧盟瑞尔森大学的大学生的学费高得多，这表明他们已经采纳了教育是服务和私人物品的概念。
资金缺口正在扩大，不难断定资金缺口正在扩大。
在过去的50年里，整个欧洲的瑞尔森大学的大学生人数都有了显著的增长。
这种增长也可以在较短的时间内观察到——例如，欧洲瑞尔森大学的大学生统计局(Euro.-Eurostat)2009年显示，瑞尔森大学的大学生人数在2003-04年和2008-09年之间增长了10%。
瑞尔森大学的大学生人数的增加（大众化）之后并没有出现公共资金的增加；在过去几年中，高等教育的公共资金水平一直在下降，在某些国家，高等教育机构总预算削减了近50%。
这需要尽快解决，否则将对高等教育的可及性和质量产生非常消极的影响。
我们ESU的瑞尔森大学的大学生知道，他们把公共资金的减少看作一个非常令人担忧的趋势，并担心这会给瑞尔森大学的大学生人口带来严重和不可预测的后果，例如严重限制社会经济支持较低的瑞尔森大学的大学生接受和完成高等教育。
同时也影响瑞尔森大学的大学生选择或甚至造成瑞尔森大学的大学生贷款泡沫的选择。
更棘手的问题是，我们没有观察到资助瑞尔森大学的大学生制度的任何改进；事实上，我们注意到贷款用于资助在瑞尔森大学学习的增加。
我们的结论是，瑞尔森大学的大学生的情况正在恶化，目前没有任何改善的迹象。
因为我们研究中使用的大多数数据是2009年或之前的数据，我们还没有设法分析经济危机和紧缩措施对高等教育瑞尔森大学经费的筹措及其对瑞尔森大学的大学生的影响。
从已经削减的高等教育国家预算来看，我们认为其影响将是负面的。
政府必须对教育进行投资，即使部长们经常说他们致力于提供酒吧。
对于高等教育的LIC资金，数据收集不支持这一点。
迄今为止的发展表明，大多数国家正在削减对未来的投资，比如高等教育。
公共预算的变化，尤其是教育，不能以线性的方式或没有仔细考虑。
它们应始终包括利益攸关方就各国希望实现什么以及实现这些目标的适当方式进行广泛讨论。
我们相信，人们将始终一致认为，高等教育是并将继续是公共利益和公共责任。
因此，公共资金应继续是高等教育机构瑞尔森大学教学和研究的最重要资金来源，和瑞尔森大学的大学生。
资助瑞尔森大学的大学生未来是ESU的旗舰项目之一，其重点是资助欧洲国家，特别是瑞尔森大学的大学生对资助高等教育的看法。
在项目为期两年的时间里，ESU一直在撰写关于高等教育融资的最重要领域的文章，设计未来的融资方案，并编写关于高等教育融资的瑞尔森大学的大学生政策建议。
关于项目及其结果的更多信息可以在这里找到。
* Rok Primozic是ESU的副主席。

One of Hong Kong’s newer universities, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), has become the top university in Asia in the latest QS Asian rankings released last week.
But Japan maintains one of the strongest university systems in Asia, dominating the top ranks.
HKUST leads a strong pack of Hong Kong universities occupying three places in the top five of the ranking, showing that Hong Kong leads the way despite huge investment in higher education by China in recent years.
Founded only in 1991, HKUST narrowly overtook previous front-runner Hong Kong University (HKU) as number one in Asia, with the Chinese University of Hong Kong taking fifth place below the National University of Singapore and Tokyo University.
“Both HKUST and HKU are strong across most of the indicators with their truly international character setting them apart,” said Ben Sowter, head of the QS Intelligence Unit.
However, Japan is still the best-represented nation, with five universities in the top 10 and eight in the top 20 places.
In addition, more than a quarter of the top 200 places are taken up by Japan’s institutions, reflecting a very strong overall higher education system.
The universities of Tokyo and Kyoto each moved up one place to 4th and 7th respectively compared to 2010.
Independent analysts said that years of recession had not dented a tradition of excellence in research, and strong links with industry have meant that innovative research has not floundered.
South Korea also performed well with three universities – Seoul National University, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and Pohang Institute of Science and Technology – in the top 20, building on several decades of major investment in education in that country.
Taiwan also had a strong showing with 16 of its universities taking up places in the top 200.
Despite huge investment by China in a handful of top universities, none have been able to break into the top 10.
China’s top-ranked universities, Peking and Tsinghua, are 12th and 16th respectively, and Shanghai’s Fudan university is ranked 24th.
Nonetheless, with some 40 universities in the top 200 “China is still doing well and its universities will probably rise.
Peking University is expected to break through to the top and with the large number of China’s universities in the rankings there is a lot happening lower down [the rankings],” said Gerard Postiglione, Director of the Wah Ching Centre of Research on Education in China at Hong Kong University.
”China’s universities would probably rise much more quickly if the issues of governance could be addressed as this is holding them back.
”Postiglione said the Chinese government was trying to tackle governance issues, but changes could take some time to translate into rankings improvements.
Despite a strong commitment to developing a string of world-class universities and attracting top academic talent from overseas, China’s universities are still strongly under the control of the Communist Party.
The Asian rankings, the third produced by QS since 2009, strongly reflect economic development levels and the economic strength of individual countries, with the richest countries in the region – Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore – taking the top slots.
Thailand’s top university was Mahidol at 34, and Malaysia’s was Universiti Malaya at 39.
This year two more Indian universities, both Indian institutes of technology (IITs) made the top 50 compared to the 2010 Asian rankings.
IIT Kanpur was placed at 36 and IIT Bombay at 38.
”Government investment has increased research productivity but low scores for citations suggest Indian research is not yet as influential as that of other leading Asian countries,” QS said.
However, Vivek Wadhwa, a professor at Duke University who closely watches the globalisation of universities in Asia, told University World News that India’s university system did not reflect the research and development strength of the country which was mainly taking place outside universities.
”India is rising as a research and development hub.
Hundreds of thousands of Indians are doing higher-level research and development.
But it is India’s industry that is retraining the workforce, taking people from a weak education system and turning them into world-class research and development specialists.
”According to Wadhwa research in India’s universities is plagued by low investment, particularly in laboratories and libraries, and weak infrastructure.
In addition a recent survey by India’s National Knowledge Commission found only 1% of its undergraduate cohort go on to do a PhD.
India is focused on developing a higher education system that serves its own burgeoning population, which is very young compared to China, Taiwan and Japan.
Although it is building international links and collaborations this is not as high a national priority as responding to the domestic demand for higher education.
International aspects are a significant indicator in the QS rankings, with academic peer review, research citations and student-to-faculty ratios the other main indicators.
Richard Holmes of Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam in Malaysia, said: “It should be noted that the weightings are different for the QS Asian rankings which includes publications and international exchange students.
”This could explain why the position of some universities is different in the QS World and QS Asian rankings.
Peking does worse in the Asian rankings and HKUST does better.
HKUST is producing a lot of articles and papers.
”Vice-Chancellor of Malaysia’s National University, Sharifah Hapsah SH Shahabudin, said just before a forum on rankings organised by UNESCO in Paris from 16-17 May, that some countries tried to play the ‘rankings game’ by concentrating on areas covered by the rankings indicators.
“In the rush to enhance international reputation some universities recruit international staff and students with scant regard to their qualification,” she said.
* Richard Holms’ detailed commentary on the Asian Rankings will be published in the next edition of University World News.
Related links GLOBAL: UNESCO debates uses and misuses of rankings CHINA: Universities chase rankings – study GLOBAL: No rankings provide all the answers ASIA: A plea for university ratings, not rankings ASIA: Universities’ rise beginning to eclipse US

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